Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence applied to the city is the use of models that learn from data to predict, classify or generate: forecasting transport demand, detecting buildings from satellite, simulating a plan's effect, managing traffic. It expands what planning can analyse and concentrates in few hands the capacity to do it.
Digital twins —virtual copies of the city fed with real data— are its most ambitious application. The risks are those of any algorithm, multiplied: opacity, bias, vendor dependency and energy use. The useful question is not what AI can do for the city but which decisions will be delegated to it.